Diabetes in Cats: Signs and Symptoms

As a cat owner, the health of your feline friend is a major priority. Unfortunately, even the most vigilant pet parents can overlook the subtle signs of certain medical conditions, such as diabetes. Diabetes in cats is a growing concern, affecting approximately 1 in 200 felines. Understanding the early signs and symptoms of diabetes in cats can be the key to timely treatment and prevention of serious complications. Let’s look at the common signs and symptoms of feline diabetes and how to spot them before they escalate.

What Is Diabetes in Cats?

Diabetes mellitus, otherwise known as feline diabetes, is a type of endocrine disorder resulting from a reduced production of insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas. Cats require insulin to properly utilize the food that they consume. Without it, or in insufficient amounts, the body can begin to abnormally break down fat and muscle. As a result, the cat may have a large appetite but lose weight despite eating more than normal. The food consumed also breaks down into glucose (sugar), which can build up in the bloodstream, resulting in high blood sugar or hyperglycemia.

What are the Signs and Symptoms of Feline Diabetes?

Feline diabetes is a chronic condition that occurs when the body can’t produce enough insulin or is unable to efficiently use the insulin it produces. As a cat owner, it’s important to be aware of the signs and symptoms of diabetes in cats, which may include one or more of the following:

Increased Thirst

Polydipsia, or increased thirst, is a common symptom of diabetes in cats. You may notice that your cat is drinking considerably more water than usual, or you may find his water bowl empty more often. Increased thirst occurs when the kidneys are forced to work overtime to filter excess glucose from the bloodstream, resulting in dehydration. As a result, your cat may become very thirsty and drink large amounts of water to compensate for the fluid loss.

Frequent Urination

Frequent urination, also known as polyuria, is a condition that commonly develops in cats with diabetes. Increased urination is another side effect of the kidneys attempting to remove the excess glucose from the bloodstream. If your cat has diabetes, you may notice that he’s using the litter box more often, or his output is larger than usual. Increased volume or a sense of urgency may push some cats to urinate outside of the litter box.

Weight Loss

While your cat may be eating and drinking normally, weight loss can occur if your pet has unmanaged diabetes. When the body is unable to effectively use glucose as energy, it can start to break down fat and muscle, leading to gradual weight loss. If you find your cat is losing weight despite eating normally, ask your veterinarian about a possible diagnosis of diabetes.

Increased Appetite

Polyphagia is a common side effect of diabetes in cats. Also known as increased appetite, this symptom may occur as your pet becomes unable to use glucose efficiently. This can leave your cat feeling hungry, unable to feel full, and with an overall lack of energy. Even eating more food can leave a diabetic cat unsatisfied.

Lethargy

Diabetic cats may appear lethargic, weak, or generally less active than normal. Your cat may sleep more than usual or may appear uninterested in interaction or play. Lethargy or weakness in cats with diabetes is often linked to the body’s inability to properly convert glucose into energy, leaving the animal feeling fatigued or sluggish.

Skin and Coat Problems

Many cats struggle with skin and coat problems as their diabetes progresses. Cats with diabetes may develop a dull, matted coat, dandruff, and/or patches of hair loss. Skin infections are also fairly common in diabetic cats due to their impaired ability to fight off infections and susceptibility to poor circulation. If your pet’s fur appears lackluster or if there are signs of a skin problem, contact your veterinarian.

Nausea and Vomiting

While nausea and vomiting are not as common as previous signs and symptoms, some cats can experience these issues. As the body breaks down fat for energy, ketones are produced which can rise to toxic levels. Loss of appetite, vomiting, and reduced energy levels can result, a sign that your pet may be developing diabetic ketoacidosis. As this can be a life-threatening condition, it’s important to consult with your vet as soon as possible.

Behavioral Changes

Some cats will exhibit behavioral changes when they develop a medical condition like diabetes. Your pet may become more withdrawn or irritable, or possibly more vocal or clingy. Personality changes are also not uncommon. You may notice that your cat has odd mood changes that can occur as symptoms cause more discomfort.

When to Consult with Your Vet About Your Cat’s Health

Diabetes in cats is a serious but manageable condition. Recognizing the signs of this medical illness early on can lead to more effective treatment. If you have noticed any of the signs or symptoms of feline diabetes mentioned above, or are worried that your cat may be ill, contact your veterinarian to discuss your concerns.